The Soliga tribe inhabits the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve in Karnataka, and their relationship with the tiger population is crucial to conservation efforts. Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the Soligas' contributions during the 119th edition of Mann Ki Baat, noting a steady increase in tiger numbers and attributing much of this success to the tribe's cultural reverence for tigers, which encourages harmony between humans and wildlife.
The Soligas are known as "children of bamboo" and were the first tribe in India to get official rights to live inside a tiger reserve. They practice sustainable farming and collect forest products, and their traditional beliefs and lifestyle play an important role in protecting the wildlife habitat. The Forest Department collaborates with the Soligas, utilizing their local knowledge in various forest management activities, including fire protection efforts. While the tiger population in the BRT Tiger Reserve has fluctuated, with a decline reported in the 2022 survey, the Soligas' involvement in conservation efforts remains crucial. The recognition of the Soligas' forest rights in 2011 was a landmark court judgment that acknowledged their historical connection to the land. This empowerment of local communities is essential for effective conservation, as it allows them to participate actively in protecting their environment. The Soliga example showcases the importance of tribal communities in India's diverse ecosystems and the potential for cultural practices to support biodiversity.
